Research guides: ChatGPT and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Generative AI Resource List

Contributors

The materials on this page were compiled and annotated by Anna Gustafsson with support from Kari D. Weaver and input from the University of Waterloo Standing Committee on New Technology, Pedagogy, and Academic Integrity Committee. Questions about the resources on this page may be directed via email to kdweaver@uwaterloo.ca.

Terminology

Artificial Intelligence: Key terms and definitions
List of 13 key AI terms to know, curated by Caltech.
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Caltech Science Exchange. (n.d.). Artificial Intelligence. Caltech Science Exchange. Retrieved August 8, 2023, from http://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/artificial-intelligence-research
AI terms + education: A glossary of what you need to know
An incomplete list of terms related to AI used for research and writing.
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Audrey Campbell. (2023, February 6). AI terms + education: A glossary of what you need to know. Turnitin. https://www.turnitin.com/blog/ai-terms-education-a-glossary-of-what-you-need-to-know
50 AI terms every beginner should know
A comprehensive glossary of 50 terms for AI and machine learning beginners.
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AI Data. (2021, March 1). 50 AI Terms Every Beginner Should Know. TELUS International. https://www.telusinternational.com/insights/ai-data/article/50-beginner-ai-terms-you-should-know
Glossary of AI Terms
Comprehensive glossary of terms related to natural language technologies and artificial intelligence.
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Expert.ai. (n.d.). Glossary of AI Terms. Expert.Ai. Retrieved November 27, 2023, from https://www.expert.ai/glossary-of-ai-terms/

Pedagogical Uses of Generative Artificial Intelligence

Expert help guides: Generative AI in your assignments
A LibGuide from La Trobe University in Australia addressing how students can use AI in assignments.
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Ismail, M. (2023). Expert help guides: Artificial Intelligence (AI): Generative AI in your assignments. https://latrobe.libguides.com/artificial-intelligence/assignments
Russell Group principles on the use of generative AI tools in education
Principles for how generative AI should be used in education, implemented by the Russell Group universities (24 leading British research universities).
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Russell Group. (2023). Russell Group principles on the use of generative AI tools in education. https://russellgroup.ac.uk/media/6137/rg_ai_principles-final.pdf
Article: AI will transform teaching and learning. Let’s get it right.
An article describing main themes from the AI+Education Summit at Stanford discussion of the applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence for classroom instruction.
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Chen, C. (2023, March 9). AI will transform teaching and learning. Let’s get it right. Stanford HAI. https://hai.stanford.edu/news/ai-will-transform-teaching-and-learning-lets-get-it-right
Teaching and learning with artificial intelligence apps (recommendations)
Suggested procedures for discussing students' use of AI and promoting academic integrity.
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Eaton, S., & Anselmo, L. (2023, January). Teaching and learning with artificial intelligence apps. Taylor Institute for Teaching and Learning. https://taylor-institute.ucalgary.ca/teaching-with-AI-apps
Embrace the bot: designing writing assignments in the face of AI
Suggested methods for designing assignments to limit academic dishonesty involving AI.
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Prochaska, E. (2023, January 23). Embrace the bot: Designing writing assignments in the face of AI. Faculty Focus | Higher Ed Teaching & Learning. https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/course-design-ideas/embrace-the-bot-designing-writing-assignments-in-the-face-of-ai/
Suggestions for assignment and assessment design
The University of British Columbia's suggestions for both preventing and promoting the use of AI tools in assignments.
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University of British Columbia. (n.d.). Suggestions for assignment and assessment design. UBC Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology. Retrieved August 8, 2023, from https://ctlt2013.sites.olt.ubc.ca/resources/assessment-design-in-an-era-of-generative-ai/suggestions-for-assignment-and-assessment-design/
Article: ChatGPT, AI, and academic integrity
Guidelines for preventing and detecting academic dishonesty involving AI.
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Keith, T. (2023, January 23). Combating academic dishonesty, part 6: ChatGPT, AI, and academic integrity. The University of Chicago Academic Technology Solutions. https://academictech.uchicago.edu/2023/01/23/combating-academic-dishonesty-part-6-chatgpt-ai-and-academic-integrity/
Generative AI Activities for the Writing & Language Classroom
A presentation regarding generative AI. Contains information and resources related to alternatives to ChatGPT, their use in education, aspects of AI literacy that students will need to develop, privacy issues, and biases.
Strategic leadership for responsible artificial intelligence adoption in higher education
An article discussing the use of AI in higher education, using a qualitative approach to assess benefits, challenges and recommendations described in scholarly literature, university websites, and media reports.
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Tarisayi, K. S. (2023). Strategic leadership for responsible artificial intelligence adoption in higher education. CTE Workshop Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.55056/cte.616
The AI generation gap
An article discussing generational differences in perceptions of and experiences with AI in education, using qualitative methods to investigate the perspectives of Gen Z undergraduate students and Gen X/Y teachers.
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Chan, C. K. Y., & Lee, K. K. W. (2023). The AI generation gap: Are Gen Z students more interested in adopting generative AI such as ChatGPT in teaching and learning than their Gen X and millennial generation teachers? Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00269-3
Role of AI chatbots in education
A systematic literature review focusing on the use of chatbots in education, its advantages, and its challenges.
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Labadze, L., Grigolia, M., & Machaidze, L. (2023). Role of AI chatbots in education: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00426-1

Ethical Considerations and Uses of Generative Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ethics: Overview
Description of the main ethical concerns when developing and using AI.
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Marquette University. (2023, May 17). Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Ethics: Overview. https://online.marquette.edu/business/blog/artificial-intelligence-and-ethics
AI and ethics: Sixteen challenges and opportunities
A list of 16 potential hazards to consider for ethical and socially responsible use of AI.
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Santa Clara University. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Ethics: Sixteen Challenges and Opportunities. https://www.scu.edu/ethics/all-about-ethics/artificial-intelligence-and-ethics-sixteen-challenges-and-opportunities/
Artificial Intelligence: Examples of ethical dilemmas
Concrete examples of ethical and legal issues encountered when using AI.
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UNESCO. (2023, April 21). Artificial Intelligence: Examples of ethical dilemmas. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics/cases
3 steps for AI ethics
SAS's steps for addressing ethical concerns when working with AI to ensure responsible use.
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SAS. (n.d.). 3 steps for AI ethics. Retrieved August 4, 2023, from https://www.sas.com/en_ca/insights/articles/analytics/artificial-intelligence-ethics.html
Analysis: How we think about copyright and AI art
Legal analysis of potential applications of copyright law to the use of AI art, addressing concerns of human artists.
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Walsh, K. (2023, April 3). How We Think About Copyright and AI Art. Electronic Frontier Foundation. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/04/how-we-think-about-copyright-and-ai-art-0
UNESCO's Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Core principles and values for human-centered use of AI.
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UNESCO. (2021). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics
Beta principles for the ethical use of AI and data enhanced technologies in Ontario
Six principles for the ethical use of AI in Ontario’s government processes, programs and services.
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Government of Ontario. (2023). Beta principles for the ethical use of AI and data enhanced technologies in Ontario. http://www.ontario.ca/page/beta-principles-ethical-use-ai-and-data-enhanced-technologies-ontario
Principles of Artificial Intelligence Ethics for the Intelligence Community
Principles used by the American Intelligence Community in their work with AI.
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Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (n.d.). Principles of Artificial Intelligence Ethics for the Intelligence Community. Retrieved August 8, 2023, from https://www.intelligence.gov/principles-of-artificial-intelligence-ethics-for-the-intelligence-community
The Responsible AI Manifesto for Marketing and Business
Principles for the ethical use of AI to increase efficiency and performance in marketing and business.
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Roetzer, P. (2023, January 28). The Responsible AI Manifesto for Marketing and Business. https://www.marketingaiinstitute.com/blog/the-responsible-ai-manifesto-for-marketing-and-business
Adopting and expanding ethical principles for generative artificial intelligence from military to healthcare
GREAT PLEA ethical principles, which are proposed for the use of AI in healthcare, but encompass themes seen across fields.
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Oniani, D., Hilsman, J., Peng, Y., Poropatich, R. K., Pamplin, J. C., Legault, G. L., & Wang, Y. (2023). Adopting and expanding ethical principles for generative artificial intelligence from military to healthcare. NPJ Digital Medicine, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00965-x
Front-end AI vs. Back-end AI
A framework for addressing challenges faced when assessing information when AI is used.
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Kim, D., & Kong, J. (2023). Front-end AI vs. Back-end AI: New framework for securing truth in communication during the generative AI era. Frontiers in Communication, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1243474
AIGC challenges and opportunities related to public safety
An article describing the public safety risks and opportunities related to artificial intelligence generated content.
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Guo, D., Chen, H., Wu, R., & Wang, Y. (2023). AIGC challenges and opportunities related to public safety: A case study of ChatGPT. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, 4(4), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnlssr.2023.08.001

Editorial and Research Considerations for Generative Artificial Intelligence

Researchers' thoughts on AI in science
A summary of findings from Nature’s survey assessing their perceptions and use of AI tools in research.
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Van Noorden, R., & Perkel, J. M. (2023). AI and science: What 1,600 researchers think. Nature, 621(7980), 672–675. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02980-0
AI bias: Beyond the data
An article discussing bias in AI, its sources, and the need for non-technical solutions.
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Boutin, C. (2022). There’s More to AI Bias Than Biased Data, NIST Report Highlights. National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/03/theres-more-ai-bias-biased-data-nist-report-highlights
Open-source data to reduce AI bias
An article Discussing the bias inherent to AI and the potential solution provided by open science.
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Seneor, A., & Mezzanotte, M. (2022, October 14). Open source data science: How to reduce bias in AI. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/10/open-source-data-science-bias-more-ethical-ai-technology/
Understanding Ai 'hallucinations'
An article explaining AI ‘hallucinations’ (i.e., the fabrication of information), the reason why they happen, and the dangers of referring to them as ‘hallucinations.
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Bown, O. (2023, October 13). “Hallucinating” AIs Sound Creative, but Let’s Not Celebrate Being Wrong. The MIT Press Reader. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/hallucinating-ais-sound-creative-but-lets-not-celebrate-being-wrong/
Developing topics with Chat GPT
A slideshow describing how students can use AI to develop topics for papers and strategies for searches. Also lists additional appropriate and inappropriate uses of AI for students’ writing.
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Squires, A. (2023). Developing Topics with ChatGPT. Google Docs. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJc2hI09i58DbJ8w-FSksdo9TKxpWfCj/view?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook
Why qualitative researchers should embrace AI, but cautiously
A review article describing a recommended approach to qualitative coding with AI.
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Anis, S., & French, J. A. (2023). Efficient, explicatory, and equitable: Why qualitative researchers should embrace AI, but cautiously. Business & Society, 62(6), 1139–1144. https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503231163286
Unlocking the potential of AI in research
Examples of appropriate use of AI in research and its limitations.
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Wadi Africa. (2023, March 24). Unlocking the Potential of AI in Research: How AI Tools Can Revolutionize Your Research. Linkedin. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/unlocking-potential-ai-research-how-tools-can-revolutionize
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Generative AI in your research
A guide to the academically responsible use of AI tools in graduate research.
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Ismail, M. (2023). Expert help guides: Artificial Intelligence (AI): Generative AI in your research. https://latrobe.libguides.com/artificial-intelligence/research
Exploring the use of AI in the research process
A report of the uses of AI in research and interview responses from researchers regarding its role.
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Chubb, J., Cowling, P., & Reed, D. (2022). Speeding up to keep up: Exploring the use of AI in the research process. AI & Society, 37(4), 1439–1457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01259-0
uWaterloo guidelines for thesis editing
Outline of the University of Waterloo's expectations of thesis editing and the appropriateness of employing editors.
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University of Waterloo. (2019, December 10). Thesis editing. Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs. https://uwaterloo.ca/graduate-studies-postdoctoral-affairs/current-students/thesis/thesis-editing
Publishing ethics: Elsevier policy
Standards and expectations for publication in primary research journals. Information is provided about the use of generative AI in the editing process and its impact on confidentiality.
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Elsevier. (2023). Publishing Ethics. https://beta.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/publishing-ethics
Best practices for using AI tools as an author, peer reviewer, or editor
An editorial from the Journal of Medical Internet Research, discussing policies for the use of generative AI by authors, peer reviewers, and editors.
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Leung, T. I., Cardoso, T. de A., Mavragani, A., & Eysenbach, G. (2023). Best Practices for Using AI Tools as an Author, Peer Reviewer, or Editor. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1), e51584. https://doi.org/10.2196/51584