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Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Style: Artificial Intelligence (Including Chatbots) — February 2023
JAMA believes ChatGPT and other generative AI Chatbot outputs do not qualify for authorship, so there is no standard of citation as any citation would require the artificial intelligence software to be listed as an author. Studies have shown it to be often erroneous, not up to date, unable to reliably cite evidence for its assertions, and lacking in critical judgment.
More detailed information on the JAMA stance toward AI Chatbots may be found in the paper:
Flanagin, A., Bibbins-Domingo, K., & Berkwits, M. (2023, Jan. 31). Nonhuman “authors” and implications
for the integrity of scientific publication and medical knowledge.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801170
APA Citation Style: Artificial Intelligence (Including Chatbots) - Updated June 2023
Outline of an APA Citation for ChatGPT
Name of Company/creator of generative AI Tool. (Year). ChatGPT (Month Date version) [Large language model]. URL.
Formatting: Double-space your reference list and use a 0.5 inch hanging indent for each entry
Real World Example for ChatGPT:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (June 16 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
Outline of an APA Citation for General Artificial Intelligence Programs and Chatbots:
Name of Company/creator of generative AI Tool. (Year). Name of the generative AI program (model of program) [Large language model]. URL.
Formatting: Double-space your reference list and use a 0.5 inch hanging indent for each entry
Real World Example for General Artificial Intelligence Programs and Chatbots:
Perplexity. (2023). Perplexity.ai (AI Chatbot) [Large language model]. https://www.perplexity.ai/
Chicago Manual of Style (17th Edition): Artificial Intelligence (Including Chatbots) — April 2023
The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition, has recommended individuals cite generative artificial intelligence outputs as personal communications. Information about this approach from the editors may be found in this recent Q&A.
This citation recommendation is for use in class assignments at the University of Waterloo where you have been asked to use AI generated text as part of your work and provide a reference.
FOOTNOTE OR ENDNOTE WITH PROMPT IN TEXT:
Text generated by ChatGPT, February 15, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/chat.
FOOTNOTE OR ENDNOTE WITHOUT PROMPT IN TEXT:
ChatGPT, response to, "How can I adjust my research approach to manage my time and become more productive," February 15, 2023, OpenAI.
AUTHOR/DATE STYLE:
(ChatGPT, February 15, 2023).
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE:
Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition, treats generative artificial intelligence outputs as personal communications. Personal communications are included in footnotes, endnotes, or in text citations only and are not included in the bibliography (see CMOS 14.214 and 15.53). You should always verify this approach with your instructor or TA who may have different expectations.
IEEE Citation Style: Artificial Intelligence (Including Chatbots) — February 2023
Please note: IEEE has stated Artificial Intelligence (AI) outputs, including products of chatbots, are not cited for publication purposes. Please be sure to check back frequently for any updates.
This citation recommendation is for use in class assignments at the University of Waterloo where you have been asked to use AI generated text as part of your work and provide a reference.
Outline of an IEEE Style Citation for Chatbots at the University of Waterloo
[Citation number] Author (Program Name), response to author query. Publisher [Online]. URL, (Accessed date).
Real world example:
[1] ChatGPT, response to author query. OpenAI [Online]. https://chatgpt.pro/ (accessed February 15, 2023).
MLA Citation Style: Artificial Intelligence (Including Chatbots) — February 2023
Please note: As ChatGPT and similar AI technologies are rapidly evolving, citation styles may also change as new information becomes available. Please be sure to check back for any updates.
Some assignments do not permit the use of ChatGPT or AI tools. Please confirm with your course lecturer if a ChatBot tool is permitted. If using a ChatBot, you must cite the content used to avoid Academic Misconduct.
Outline of an MLA Citation for AI
Author/Creator. "Name of chatbot." Title of platform where accessed, Full URL, Date Accessed (optional).
Real World Example:
OpenAI. "ChatGPT." ChatGPT Pro, chatgpt.pro/, February 2, 2023.
