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What is Health Entrepreneurship?
Health entrepreneurs identify opportunities to address challenges related to health (public health, medicine, etc.) through innovative approaches.
Library Resources
The library has several librarians that support specific health disciplines, including Biology, Public Health, Kinesiology, and Pharmacy. This guide highlights a few key resources that you can use for health research.
For more in-depth information, visit the following Research Guides:
In addition, the University of Toronto has a robust Entrepreneurship Guide that includes a page on Health Data and Statistics.
Scopus
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ScopusAn interdisciplinary database that includes research in public health, biology, biomedical, and other health research topics.
How to use Scopus for Health Entrepreneurship research?
Scopus is searchable using Boolean Operators and keywords. For help creating your search strategy, contact a librarian.
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Scopus: How to conduct a basic searchTutorial, including video and text versions, on how to conduct basic searches in Scopus.
Openly Available Resources
Health Statistics
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Health StatisticsFrom Statistics Canada, provides data and insights about the health of the population, determinants of health and the scope and utilization of Canada's health care resources.
Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)
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Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)CIHI is an independent, not-for-profit organization, which publishes a range of statistical tables, reports and analyses.
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Patient Cost EstimatorThis CIHI tool allows you to estimate the average cost of various services provided in hospitals.
Health Infobase
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Health Infobase - Health Data in CanadaData tools, infographics, charts and blogs about health data in Canada, including diseases and disorders, drugs and vaccines, healthy living and environment, injuries and death, population groups and substance use from various Canadian government agencies.
NCBI
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National Center for Biotechnology InformationThe National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.
PubMed Central
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PubMedArticles in medicine, life sciences, animal sciences, plant sciences, biomedical research, medical devices, nursing, biotechnology, the healthcare system, and the preclinical sciences.
How to use PubMed for Health Entrepreneurship Research?
PubMed is searchable via Boolean and MeSH terms. For support in creating a search strategy, contact a librarian.
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PubMed Online TrainingPubMed Online Training includes tutorials, videos, and handouts.
bioRxiv
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bioRxiv.combioRxiv is a preprint server for biology, operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a research and educational institution. Preprints are openly available, but are not peer-reviewed.
Books
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The Handbook for Market Research for Life Sciences Companies
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ISBN: 9781138713567Publication Date: 2017-05-24The Handbook of Market Research for Life Science Companies is a practical manual that gives entrepreneurs real-world advice and tools to build a solid market model. The book provides tips, models and tools entrepreneurs can use to collect, interpret and present their market and integrate it into their business plan.
Research Ethics
Your research may require research ethics approval. For sensitive topics, or research that involves animals, human participants, or human tissue, remains, or bodily fluid, Waterloo's Office of Research Ethics can help you apply ethical considerations to the design, implementation, and dissemination establishes and maintains public trust in the research community more broadly.
Regulatory Information
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FDA Medical DevicesProvides news, events, safety information, and guidance on medical devices in the United States.
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Health Canada Classification of Health Products at the Device-Drug InterfaceInformation on how health products at the drug-medical device interface are classified in Canada.
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Health Canada Controlled Drugs & Substances ActLegislation related to the control of certain drugs, their precursors and other substances in Canada.
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Health Canada Legislation & GuidelinesInformation on how Food and Drug Regulations ensure that pharmaceutical drugs offered for sale in Canada are safe, effective and of high quality.
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Health Canada Medical DevicesInformation on how medical devices are approved in Canada.
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WHO Medical DevicesInformation on news, publications, events, and more on medical devices internationally.
Clinical Trials
What is a clinical trial?
A clinical trial is a research study conducted in humans to answer specific health questions. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a clinical trial as "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". There are different phases and types of clinical trials.
If you are conducting a clinical trial, the study must be registered in a publicly available registry, such as clinicaltrials.gov.
Key Resources
The Office of Research provides detailed information about clinical trials, including what they are, different phases, and regulatory requirements, on their website.
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CIHR's Best Practices for Clinical TrialsFrom Canadian Institutes of Health Research, this website includes guidance on ethical conduct for research involving humans, which could be helpful even for trials not receiving CIHR funding.
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Clinical Trials OntarioClinical Trials Ontario is a non-profit organization dedicated to strengthening, promoting and capitalizing on Ontario’s competitive advantages for conducting high-quality clinical trials.
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Clinical trials or studies involving a drug, medical device, or natural health productInformation page provided by the Office of Research Ethics.
Guidance for Clinical Trial Protocols
The SPIRIT 2013 Statement provides evidence-based recommendations for the minimum content of a clinical trial protocol. SPIRIT is widely endorsed as an international standard for trial protocols.
The recommendations are outlined in a 33-item checklist and figure. Each checklist item is detailed in the Explanation & Elaboration paper.
Registering a Clinical Trial
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Steps for Registering a Clinical TrialThe Office of Research provides information on the steps involved in registering for a clinical trial via clinicaltrials.gov.
Clinical Trial Registries
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ClinicalTrials.govClinicalTrials.gov is a registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants conducted around the world.
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European Union Clinical Trials RegisterSearch for protocol and results information on interventional clinical trials conducted in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA), as well as clinical trials conducted outside the EU / EEA that are linked to European pediatric-medicine development.
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Health Canada's Clinical Trials DatabaseProvides a listing of specific information relating to phase I, II and III clinical trials in patients. The database is managed by Health Canada and provides a source of information about Canadian clinical trials involving human pharmaceutical and biological drugs.
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ISRCTN registryThe ISRCTN registry is a primary clinical trial registry recognised by WHO and ICMJE that accepts all clinical research studies (whether proposed, ongoing or completed), providing content validation. Provided and maintained by BMC, Spring Nature.
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World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)Includes 16 national and international registries.
Resources on Clinical Trial Design
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Clinical Trials
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ISBN: 9783030354879Publication Date: 2020-03-11his book focuses on clinical trials, offering new materials which are necessary to address the rapid evolution of novel research methodologies in basic science and clinical/educational research and the changing environment for academic surgeons. -
Fundamentals of Clinical Trials
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ISBN: 9783319185385Publication Date: 2015-09-12This book addresses the fundamentals of randomized control clinical trials, devoting a chapter to each of the critical areas of a protocol. The new edition is revised and expanded, with the number of examples illustrating the fundamentals considerably increased. -
Case Studies in Innovative Clinical Trials
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ISBN: 9781032265186Publication Date: 2023-12-01This book features insights from professionals in the fields of organizational development and diversity. It provides practical tools to help employees and managers -- regardless of race or gender -- collaborate in reaching their workplace potential. -
Randomised Clinical Trials
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ISBN: 1119524652Publication Date: 2021-04-27Assuming no prior background, this user-friendly resource describes the statistical, regulatory, and practical components required for conducting randomised clinical trials. Numerous examples and case studies from industry, academia, and the research literature help readers understand each stage of the clinical trial process. -
Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials
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ISBN: 9783319526355Publication Date: 2022-07-21This is a comprehensive major reference work for our SpringerReference program covering clinical trials. Although the core of the Work will focus on the design, analysis, and interpretation of scientific data from clinical trials, a broad spectrum of clinical trial application areas will be covered in detail. -
Clinical Trials Handbook
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ISBN: 9781118422793Publication Date: 2012-10-10Written by one of the world's leading trialists, Clinical Trials Handbook: Design and Conduct provides clinicians with a complete guide to designing, conducting, and evaluating clinical trials—teaching them how to simplify the process and avoid costly mistakes.
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Introduction to Clinical Trials with Cohorts (video)From the SAGE Research Methods Database, this video discusses clinical trials within cohorts including advantages, challenges, data analysis, and tools and resources.